Abstract

The article provides an analysis of causes behind worsened environment in the Black Sea. The crisis was brought about by pollutants getting into the Sea with river flows, from surrounding territories, also by runoff losses, disturbance of marine water balance and drastic reduction of water exchange through the Bosporus.

* Prof. Ivan Aidarov and Prof. Aleksey Zavalin are experts on agriculture, hydraulic engineering and land reclamation at the Russian Academy of Sciences. 

The edition is available here.

The post Research Paper #1: Black Sea Region’s ecological problems appeared first on ICBSS - International Centre for Black Sea Studies.

Abstract

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and oil price war between Saudi Arabia and Russia impacted global energy markets. In order to fight oil slump and stabilize prices, April and June OPEC+ meeting aimed to lift the global energy market from COVID-19 pandemic-driven turmoil. Energy resource exploration and export to global energy markets play an important role for the Azerbaijani economy. Azerbaijan like other energy-exporting countries has been also affected by negative trends in global energy markets. The country continues successful and fruitful cooperation in the framework of OPEC+ format, and OPEC+ agreements were very important for the country to mitigate price shocks. Today, Azerbaijan promotes international energy cooperation, and mega energy projects such as BTC oil pipeline and the SGC were initiated by the country to carry the Caspian crude oil and natural gas to the global energy markets.

* Shahmar Hajiyev is leading advisor at the Center of Analysis of International Relations (AIR Center), in Baku, Azerbaijan.

The edition is available here.

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Abstract

Population losses are the most severe of all those suffered by Ukraine in the war. History shows that occupied territories are eventually returned, destroyed infrastructure and settlements are rebuilt, natural resources are restored, and in time the economy resumes and grows. Only human losses are irreparable. The paper provides insights into challenges related to the demographic losses caused by the war, and attempts to answer two major questions: what are Ukraine's demographic losses caused by the war, and how we can separate the impact of the war from general trends in natural population movement and emigration.

* Ella Libanova, Doctor of Economics, is Professor at Mykhailo Ptukha Institute for Demography and Quality of Life Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

The edition is available here.

The post Research Paper #3: Ukraine: The Demographic Cost Of War appeared first on ICBSS - International Centre for Black Sea Studies.